![]() ![]() Studies using explicit manipulation of arousal levels and saliency ( Angrilli et al., 1997 Gil and Droit-Volet, 2012 Fayolle et al., 2015) often reveal that the high level of an arousing affective stimulus lengthens its subjective time. Most studies investigating mechanisms underlying emotional time perception have applied simple affective stimuli ( Droit-Volet and Gil, 2009 Droit-Volet et al., 2013) such as emotional images selected from International Affective Pictures System ( Angrilli et al., 1997), emotional facial expressions ( Effron et al., 2006), looming/receding movement stimuli ( van Wassenhove et al., 2011 Jia et al., 2015), emotional clips of the film ( Fayolle et al., 2014), and effective sounds ( Noulhiane et al., 2007). ![]() Emotion and Time PerceptionĮmotion is often evoked and coupled by different types of moral behaviors ( Tangney et al., 2007), while emotion can subsequently influence time judgment. Then we hypothesize the relations between moral information and subjective time, and in the end, we propose the experimental design to verify our hypotheses. In the following, we first briefly review relations between time perception and emotion, and its connection to embodiment and morality. On this ground, the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the relationship between morality and time perception. Even worse, the connection to the subjective time of stimuli related to morality has not been formally investigated. Some studies using high-arousing negative emotion have shown lengthening effect of subjective time ( Angrilli et al., 1997 Noulhiane et al., 2007 Fayolle et al., 2015 Droit-Volet and Berthon, 2017), while others have argued that different types of negative emotions link to their distinct behavioral functions, which may yield differential subjective distortions ( Gil and Droit-Volet, 2011 Shi et al., 2012 Grondin et al., 2014). However, it is not yet known if such negative emotion induced by an immoral stimulus would also lengthen its subjective time, given that it remains controversial regarding subjective time distorted by negative emotion ( Droit-Volet et al., 2013 Lake, 2016 Droit-Volet, 2019). Reading news about immoral behavior also causes us a negative emotion. For example, moral words were easier discriminated than nonmoral words when they were presented very shortly ( Gantman and Van Bavel, 2014 Gantman et al., 2020). Indeed, studies have shown that moral-related stimuli are often prioritized over nonmoral stimuli ( Gantman and Van Bavel, 2014 Gantman et al., 2020). Such attentional capture and intuitive reaction seem to be very natural for us. When reading newspaper headlines or browsing internet news, many of us are often captured by moral-related news as compared to other politics-related news, and our emotions follow the story. Our findings suggest that immoral phrases induce embodied moral reaction, which alters emotional state and subsequently lengthens subjective time. Moreover, the lengthening effect of the immoral phrase relative to the neutral phrase was significantly correlated to the anonymously prosocial tendency of the observer. By contrast, the subjective duration of the disgusting phrase, unlike the immoral phrase, was comparable to the neutral phrase. In this study, we compared subjective durations of phrases depicting immoral, disgust, or neutral behaviors in a duration bisection task and found that phrases depicting immoral behavior were perceived as lasting longer than the neutral and disgusting phrases. However, it is not yet known how we perceive the subjective time of moral-related information. Intuitive moral emotions play a major role in forming our opinions and moral decisions. 2Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.1Department of Education, School of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.Lina Jia 1*, Bingjie Shao 1, Xiaocheng Wang 1 and Zhuanghua Shi 2 ![]()
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